In the spatial planning of the Netherlands it becomes important to consider climate change. The main challenges to be incorporated in spatial strategies are: flood protection, fresh water availability, and reducing the vulnerability of nature, urban areas, and transport and...
Current trends in fossil-fuel use and inefficient land use will lead to large global environmental problems with respect to climate change and biodiversity loss. Technical and economically feasible options are available to meet the challenge to avoid these problems. The main...
The contribution of carbon to particulate matter is larger in urban areas than outside those areas. The increment in urban EC and OC concentrations was found mainly to be caused by traffic emissions. The average annual increment was about 0.5 μg/m³. As a consequence, the...
This paper constitutes the first spatially explicit, global assessment of sewage N and P emissions to surface water for the period 1970 to 2000, and the first projection of such N and P emissions for the future. This approach was developed as part of an international...
The Netherlands signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and, therefore, is bound to report its greenhouse gas emissions, on an annual basis in a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NIR). Within the framework of this NIR, an annual uncertainty...
This report provides the background to the vulnerability analysis in the fourth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-4), published by United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) in October 2007. It includes a more detailed elaboration of the analyses in GEO-4 and also some...
This explanation of the official Dutch emission data provides a clear view on applicability and verification of emission inventories in the Netherlands up to 2006. It includes descriptions and improvements of methods and data sources, QA/QC activities carried out and a trend...
Global targets for development and the environment will not be achieved if current trends are to continue. Analyses in IPCC Climate Change 2007, UNEP Global Environment Outlook 4, OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030 and the IAASTD Agriculture Assessment all show that swift...
n this paper we describe differences in the uncertainty of NH3 emissions from agriculture and the major factors determining the uncertainty between countries and world regions, i.e. the USA, the India and China regions, Western Europe and the Netherlands as well as...
Many different large-scalewatershed nitrogen (N) flowmodels exist, which describe processes related to the horizontal movement of N through large drainage networks of river basins. Equations of such models can be applied on different scales. This modeling scale is important...
