Evaluation of Water Framework Directive metrics to analyse trends in water quality in the Netherlands
The Water Framework Directive (WFD), implemented in 2000, is the major policy instrument for water quality in the European Union. Its main aim is to homogenise and standardise water quality…
Losses of Ammonia and Nitrate from Agriculture and Their Effect on Nitrogen Recovery in the European Union and the United States between 1900 and 2050
Historical trends and levels of nitrogen (N) budgets and emissions to air and water in the European Union and the United States are markedly different. Agro-environmental policy approaches also differ…
Global implementation of two shared socioeconomic pathways for future sanitation and wastewater flows
Households are an important source of nutrient loading to surface water. Sewage systems without or with only primary wastewater treatment are major polluters of surface water. Future emission levels…
Second opinion MKBA Rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer
Het CPB en het PBL hebben in april 2014 op verzoek van het ministerie van IenM een second opinion gegeven op een concept-MKBA Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer. Deze second opinion is gebruikt voor het…
Vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to changes in harmful algal bloom distribution in response to climate change: projections based on model analysis
Harmful algal blooms (HABs), those proliferations of algae that can cause fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, form unsightly scums, or detrimentally alter ecosystem function have been…
Towards standardised evaluative measurement of nature impacts: two spatial planning case studies for major Dutch lakes.
In the assessment of complex spatial planning projects, ecological and socio-economic impacts are fundamental to the evaluation. The measurements of the ecological impacts of spatial plans have to be…
De kwaliteit van het Nederlandse oppervlaktewater beoordeeld volgens de Kaderrichtlijn Water (KRW)
De Europese Kaderrichtlijn Water (KRW) kent een beoordelingsmethode voor de kwaliteit van het oppervlaktewater. De beoordeling is samengesteld uit de beoordelingen van een groot aantal chemische…
Costs and effectiveness of on-farm measures to reduce aquatic risks from pesticides in the Netherlands
The European Union requires growers to implement the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) by 2014. This paper provides a quantitative overview of the costs and effectiveness of voluntary IPM…
Aggregated indices for trends in eutrophication of different types of fresh water in the Netherlands
As in many European countries, eutrophication of surface waters is a key problem in the Netherlands, caused by high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). For implementation of the EU…
Op verzoek van de staatssecretarissen van Economische Zaken en van Infrastructuur en Milieu heeft het PBL in samenwerking met Wageningen UR een evaluatie uitgevoerd van de gevolgen van verplichte…
Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving
