This report presents an analysis of published emission projections of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and other, sectoral, models. At the moment, international aviation and shipping are underrepresented in most integrated assessment models. Improving the representation of...
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the emission of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions are calculated, annually, by the Task Force on Transportation of the Dutch...
Although the rapid fall in the costs of batteries has made electric vehicles (EVs) more affordable and boosted their sales, EVs still account for only a fraction of total car sales. In the last years, the battery costs of electric vehicles have dropped faster than previously...
This article shows the potential impact on global greenhous gas (GHG) emissions in 2030, if all countries were to implement sectoral climate policies similar to successful examples already implemented elsewhere. This assessment was represented in the IMAGE and GLOBIOM/G4M...
Governments and non-state actors need to deliver an urgent increase in ambition to ensure the Paris Agreement goals can still be met according to 2017 annual Emissions Gap report by UNEP. Researchers of PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency were among the leading...
Dutch energy supply is at a tipping point. The share of renewable energy is expected to grow at an accelerated pace, up to 2023; in part due to the efforts of those involved in the Energy Agreement. Energy saving will also increase, up to 2020. And, although energy use will...
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used for calculating the emission of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions are calculated, annually, by the Task Force on Transportation of the Dutch...
There are several options for a 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from transport, in the Netherlands, by 2050. In addition to efficiency improvements, new types of fuels, such as electricity, hydrogen and biofuel, also are important new energy carriers. Their...
The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report noted that Annex I countries’ targets for 2020 would need to be 25% to 40% below the 1990 level to be in line with the 2° Celsius (C) target. What is the equivalent range for 2030? Over 40 studies that analyse future greenhouse gas emissions...
The European Commission has launched a discussion with its Green Paper on climate and energy policies. PBL has analysed the effects of various assumptions on Member States' emission targets for 2030 under the Effort Sharing Decision. If the EU decides to reduce its emissions...
